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[ Texas as part of New Spain/Mexico | Texas as a republic | Texas as a state ]
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A nice example of what is probably S. Augustus Mitchell's most famous folding map. The region shown extends from the Mississippi to the Pacific coastline, and from the Rio Grande to southern Canada. This region was of particular interest in 1846 because of two recent, related events. In 1845, Texas had been admitted to the Union as a new state, which prompted Mexico, in 1846, to invade Texas, thus precipitating the U.S.-Mexican war. General curiosity about the new state and understandable interest in the war led to Mitchell's timely map becoming a very popular item all across the United States. As stated in the "Accompaniment to Mitchell's new map of Texas, Oregon and California...," in which the map was issued, Mitchell used the latest information on the American west which was available at the time. Among his sources were Arrowsmith's 1841 map of Texas, Fremont's and Emory's maps of their explorations in the region, data from the Lewis & Clark expedition, Nicollet's map of the region between the Mississippi and the Missouri, Wilkes' map of Oregon. The map shows Texas claims to the upper Rio Grande, in present-day New Mexico. These claims were eventually given up as part of the Great Compromise of 1850 in return for federal assumption of Texas' public debt. Besides its cartographic interest, the accompanying booklet contains the most comprehensive description of the territories bordering the Pacific Ocean, a region soon to be incorporated into the United States. This is a striking map of seminal significance to the history of the United States and its mapping. $10,500
John B. Newman. Texas and Mexico, in 1846; Comprising The History Of Both Countries, with an Account of the Soil, Climate, and Productions of Each. New York: J.K. Wellman, 1846. Original paper covers. 8tvo. 32pp. With manuscript owner's note on title page. Water stained throughout. Ink stain at bottom corner, pp. 17-32, and top 1/3 margin, pp. 29 - end. Cover worn at extremities with some chips at corners. Overall, very good condition. With map, "Mexico & Texas in 1846. Seat of War." 9 1/2 x 10. Lithograph by Lewis & Brown. Original hand color. Bottom right corner cut to neat line, as issued. Two dark spots in title area; two smaller spots off coast of Guadalajara. Very light tide mark at bottom left below image, and at top left and right corners within image. 1/2" tear at center right margin. Still, very good condition in original booklet.
A rare booklet on the Texas and Mexico, the "Seat of War," issued at the beginning of the Mexican American War. Newman's account describes the "soil, climate, and productions" of both countries, along with their histories, especially as related to the war. Newman is severe in his criticism of the policy of the U.S. towards Texas, stating "We rushed on to annex, in defiance of every warning, and not only took Texas, but claimed a great deal with it which never belonged to Texas." Newman also criticized "Land-Jobbers and Slave-Jobbers." The glory of the booklet, though, is the striking folding map showing Mexico and Texas. Texas is distinguished with a yellow border and an American flag planted near the mouth of the Rio Grande. Based on current information, it is quite accurate, but it is the political statement of the flag that makes this map so wonderful a part of Texas history. $3,800
S. Augustus Mitchell. "Map of Texas from the most recent authorities." From Universal Atlas. Philadelphia: C.S. Williams, 1849. 12 1/8 x 14 7/8. Lithograph transfer from engraved plate. Full original hand color. Very good condition.
An excellent map of Texas from just after the Mexican American War. The map shows all of Texas, with the northern tip in an inset in the lower left corner. The map depicts topographical information with clear precision, including towns, rivers, roads, and the site of the Battle of San Jacinto (1836). All 49 counties then established are depicted, with one large county (Bexar) taking up almost the entire western half of the state. A note in the northwest part of that county states: "This tract of Country as far as North Canadian Fork was explored by Le Grand in 1833, it is naturally fertile, well wooded, and with a fair proportion of water." Also of note are the early roads shown in the state as well as indications of the locations of Indian tribes. $975
Heinrich Kiepert. "Mexico Texas und Californien." Weimar: Geographischen Instituts, 1849. 21 3/8 x 24 1/8. Lithograph. Original color. Mounted on linen. Library stamp. Paper toned and crease in center. Otherwise, very good condition. Cf. Wheat: 723.
The 1849 edition of a rare map of the American southwest, Texas, Mexico and Central America by German cartographer Heinrich Kiepert. Information is very detailed and, according to Wheat, based mostly on Frémont. Kiepert is known for the amount and precision of his detail, and this map is a good example of his output. The clarity is impressive and Kiepert gives credit to the engraver of the topography (C. Jungmann) and of the writing and other information (K. Mädel). The map was issued shortly after the Mexican-American War, so both Texas and Upper California are shown as part of the United States. The borders of Texas are pre-Compromise of 1850, but Kiepert shows in blue both the extended border to the Rio Grande and the more eastern border following the "Rio de Puercos." It is obvious that Texas is the main focus of this map, for it is the only section with full body color. This reflects the fact that between 1844 and 1847 there was a huge influx of German emigrants to the region. The Adelsverein, or German Emigration Company, encouraged this migration to colonies within Texas, where there are many German descendants to this day. In the center of Texas, marked in red, is the "Deutsche Colonie" and a bit further south, marked in green, the "Französ Colonie." The map has three insets: one of Central America, one of the environs of Mexico City, and a profile of the heights across central Mexico. This map would have been issued for the German market, and it would have provided many an immigrant with a first look at his or her new country. $7,500
Sidney Hall. "Mexico, California & Texas." Edinburgh: A. & C. Black, ca. 1849. 10 1/4 x 14 1/2. Engraving by S. Hall. Original color. Light spot in map. Very good condition. Inset in lower left of "Guatimala."
An interesting map of Mexico and the American southwest issued in Edinburgh about 1849. Details of topography and settlements are shown throughout, and roads and political divisions are also indicated. This map was issued after the Mexican-American war, so Texas, New Mexico, Utah, and California are all shown as part of the United States. In Utah, Salt Lake City is shown on the Great Salt Lake, with the note that it is a "Mormon Set." Throughout the region are indications of Indian tribes. Overall, this is an interesting and up-to-date mapping of this region at an important period in its history. $375
Carl Flemming. "Mexico, Mittel-America, Texas." Glogau, Germany: C. Flemming, 1853. From Heinrich Berghaus's Vollständiger Universal-Handatlas. 13 x 16 1/2. Lithograph by C. Flemming. Original outline color. Very good condition.
Carl Flemming was the founder of an important German firm located in Berlin and Glogau and this map shows characteristic German detail. The Germans were very interested in America at this period, with large numbers having emigrated to Texas in the 1840s, and more taking advantage of the opportunities of land and employment by coming to the mid-west and into the west. This map shows Mexico, Central America, Texas, and the present-day southwest U.S.. The mapping of the topography of this later region is quite confused, but the reduced (and present) borders of Texas are indicated as established by the Compromise of 1850, even though the old border is also shown with the cut off territory labeled as "New Mexico." The only other political border clearly shown in the United States is for California. $475
Andrew B. Gray. "Map Of That Portion Of The Boundary Between The United States and Mexico. From The Pacific Coast To The Junction Of The Gila And Colorado Rivers, Surveyed Under The Direction Of The Hon. John B. Weller U.S. Commissioner, And The Rio Gila From Near Its Intersection, With The Southern Boundary Of New Mexico, Surveyed Under The Direction Of John R. Bartlett." Washington: GPO, 1855. 21 x 49. Lithograph by Ackerman. Folded on somewhat brittle paper. Short tear near where attached; otherwise, very good. With original Senate report bound with new covers. Wheat: 840.
A large, very detailed map, called by Wheat "clearly a major performance." The map was created under the instructions of the Joint Commission that had been set up by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to map the new U.S.-Mexico border, including the Gadsden Purchase of 1854. This map is minutely detailed along the border region, stretching from the Pacific Ocean to Texas. Included is a inset "Sketch of the Port of San Diego." This is an excellent example of the quality of the government mapping of the west in the nineteenth century. $2,500
After Jacob de Cordova. "New Map of the State of Texas Compiled from J. De Cordova's large Map." New York: J.H. Colton & Co., ca. 1858. 15 1/2 x 25. Lithograph. Full original hand color. Some chipping in bottom margin. A bit brittle, but very good condition.
A detailed map of Texas shortly before the Civil War based on a 1849 map by Jacob De Cordova, a New Orleans land promoter, which was the first to be drawn from General Land Office records. Topographical, political, and transportation information is accurate, with counties, towns, rivers, roads, and proposed rail lines clearly indicated. Most development in the state is limited to the east, though a number of new counties were created in 1858 at the western edge of most of the development. Though still with a copyright of 1855, this map was issued after those counties were formed and they are all indicated and named. In the western most part of the state are only four counties, and in that region less information is shown, with rivers, some topography, a few settlements and roads, and an indication of the proposed routes for railroads. Of interest is a note in the northwest corner, including lands in New Mexico, which reads "El Llano Estracado or The Staked Plain. Elevated Table Land without Wood or Water." Almost 20 forts are shown and other features include trading houses, springs and passes. $525
"Richardsons New Map of the State of Texas including Part of Mexico." Philadelphia: Charles Desilver, 1859. Detached from Texas Almanac. First edition (copyrighted 1858, dated 1859). Folding map on thin, banknote paper. 25 x 33. Lithograph. Original hand color. Some scattered light spots and minor, repaired tears. Overall, very good condition.
In 1857, David Richardson and Willard Richardson, co-owners of the Galveston News and not related, issued the first edition of the Texas Almanac, what became an annual publication containing information about the state and intended both for reference and to attract new residents. The almanac went through sixteen editions, being published every year, except 1866, through 1873. In the second year of publication, the Richardsons added a map to accompany the almanac, J.H. Young's "Map of the State of Texas," the same map which appeared in Charles Desilver's atlas of that year. The following edition, that of 1859, added an impressive new map of Texas, also published by Desilver, but of considerable improvement to other commercial maps of the state available at the time.
As stated in the title, the new map of Texas was "compiled from Government surveys and other authentic documents." It was based primarily on the Bureau of Topographical Engineer's "Map of Texas and Part of Mexico" issued in 1857, but also using information from Pressler's map of 1858, and the J.H. Young map. The map went through revisions in the following years, replaced in 1867 by a new map published by G.W. & C.B. Colton. This first edition is an impressive document. It shows the state entire and extends well into New Mexico, Arizona and Mexico. Counties are indicated with contrasting colors and much information is given on topography, settlements and the transportation network, including depictions of railroads (exiting and "in progress"), regular and military roads, and the Mail Road from San Antonio to San Diego via El Paso. A list in the bottom left lists railroads "in part Completed" and those in progress. Further on this theme is an inset "Map Showing the Proposed Route of the Arkansas Railroad and its Connections with the Eastern Roads." Overall, a rare, attractive, and superior map of ante-bellum Texas. $7,500
"Johnson's New Map of the State of Texas." New York: Johnson & Ward, 1862. 16 1/2 x 24 1/2. Lithograph. Full original hand color. Slight separations at centerfold, but very good condition.
A large and detailed map based on J. de Cordova's map of 1849, by way of Colton's map of 1855 (cf, above), and updated to show new information. A.J. Johnson, who published out of New York City, was one of the leading cartographic publishers in the latter half of the century, producing popular atlases, geographies and separate maps. This map is an nice example of Johnson's, and thus early American, cartography. It shows a prodigious amount of topographical and political information, including fascinating information on the roads and railroads which crisscrossed the state at this time. An inset of the pan handle, in the lower left, is flanked by insets of Sabine Lake and Galveston Bay. $425
"Johnson's Texas." New York: A. J. Johnson, 1866. 17 x 23. Lithograph. Full original hand color. Very good condition.
A large, detailed map of Texas, with insets of Galveston Bay, and Northern Texas from A. J. Johnson's mid-nineteenth century atlas of the world. With its large size the map shows excellent information, including towns, rivers, roads, railroads, water holes and other interesting historic details. The eastern half of Texas is shown broken into many counties, each named and colored in a contrasting shade. The western part of the state consists of but four large counties. Johnson, who published out of New York City, was one of the leading cartographic publishers in the latter half of the century, producing popular atlases, geographies and so on. This map is an nice example of Johnson's, and thus early American, cartography. $500
"Texas." Chicago: G.F. Cram & Co., 1889. 16 1/2 x 22 3/8. Cerograph. Original color. Very good condition.
A detailed map of Texas issued by the George Cram Company, an engraving and publishing firm from Chicago. In the mid-nineteenth century, the center of cartographic publishing was New York City, but in the 1880's this began to shift towards Chicago with the advent of the Rand, McNally and Cram firms. These firms were noted for their efficient output of precise maps filled with useful and up-to-date political and cultural information, and details on roads, towns, railroads, and so forth. This map is typical of the Cram output and it shows railroads, forts, springs, and much else precisely and clearly. $175
Maps from the Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Washington: Gov't Printing Office, 1891-95. Lithographed by Julius Bien & Co.. With printed highlight color. Very good condition.
A series of highly detailed maps of Texas from the Atlas to Accompany the Official Records, about which Richard Stephenson has written, "This is the most detailed atlas yet published on the Civil War. It consists of reproductions of maps compiled by both Union and Confederate soldiers." [Stephenson, Civil War Maps, p 99.] The maps show many of the events, defenses, and campaigns of the Civil War with great detail, including topography, troop placements and movements, and other information of interest. These are the best near contemporary maps available of many of these battles, sieges, and other events of this conflict, based on both Union and Confederate sources. These maps were never published until they appeared in the Atlas.
A terrific railroad map for the "I. & G.N., T. & P. Iron Mountain" railroad in Texas. The original Iron Mountain Route connected St. Louis with Iron Mountain (near present-day Ironton, Missouri), but then it extended further southwest until it reached and extended into Texas. This map was issued to encourage immigration into Texas along this line. The state is laid out with its counties, towns, and roads indicated. On this information, in bold black lines, are the lines extending from Texarkana to El Paso, Lardo, and Galveston, with a number of other branches. To provide the potential immigrants with useful information the map shows the state broken into regions based on the predominant economy (e.g. "Dry Farming and Grazing Land" and "Vegetables, Cotton, Corn Tobacco"). In the upper left corner is an inset map showing Texas, with the rail lines evident, located in context to the railroads connection to it from St. Louis and elsewhere. Cheap "Homeseekers Rates To All Parts of Texas" are advertised, complete with "liberal stop-over privileges." Another advertisement is included in the lower left for Thomas Diller of San Antonio, who appears to have distributed these maps with his compliments. Diller claimed "I can furnish as large tracts as can be had in both Texas and Mexico…Let me know what you want." While a large number of these maps would have been printed and distributed, few would have survived. $750
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